according to the report, even some groups from Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and
Eritrea can trace more than 30% of their DNA to these migrants
DNA from a man who lived in Ethiopia about 4,500 years ago is prompting
scientists to rethink the history of human migration in Africa.
Until now, the conventional wisdom had been that the first groups of modern
humans left Africa roughly 70,000 years ago, stopping in the Middle East en route
to Europe, Asia and beyond. Then about 3,000 years ago, a group of farmers from
the Middle East and present-day Turkey came back to the Horn of Africa
(probably bringing crops like wheat, barley and lentils with them).
Population geneticists pieced this story together by comparing the DNA of
distinct groups of people alive today. Since humans emerged in Africa, DNA from
an ancient Africa could provide a valuable genetic baseline that would make it
easier for scientists to track genome changes over time.
Unfortunately, such DNA has been hard to come by. DNA isn’t built to last
for thousands of years. The samples of ancient DNA that have been sequenced to date were extracted from bodies in Europe and Asia that were naturally refrigerated in cooler climates. That’s what makes
the Ethiopian man so special. His body was found face-down in Mota cave, which
is situated in the highlands in the southern part of the country. The cool, dry
conditions in the cave preserved his DNA, and scientists extracted a sample
from the petrous bone at the base of his skull. The resulting sequence
is the first nuclear genome from an ancient African, according to a report published Thursday in the journal Science.
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